Quick answer
To have breakfast is one verb: за́втракать. No object needed — Я за́втракаю means “I’m having breakfast”.
The classics
за́втракzáftrakbreakfast
ка́шаkáshaporridge
о́всянкаofsyánkaoat porridge
сы́рникиsýrnikicurd cheese fritters
творо́гtvorókcurd cheese
блины́blinýpancakes
омле́тomlétomelette
бутербро́дbuterbrótopen sandwich
On the table
хлебkhlepbread
ма́слоmáslabutter
сырsyrcheese
колбаса́kolbasásausage
яйцо́yaytsóegg
смета́наsmetánasour cream
варе́ньеvarényejam
мёдmyodhoney
The verbs
за́втракатьzáftrakatto have breakfast
вари́тьvarítto boil
жа́ритьzháritto fry
гретьgretto warm up
At the breakfast table
Что на за́втрак?What’s for breakfast?
Я ем ка́шу.I’m eating porridge.
Сы́рники со смета́ной.Syrniki with sour cream.
Ко́фе и́ли чай?Coffee or tea?
Прия́тного аппети́та!Enjoy!
Smetana on everything
Смета́на — thick sour cream — goes on syrniki, pancakes, dumplings, soup and salad. It is not a garnish but a staple, and со смета́ной is the default answer to how most of these are eaten.
Not cereal and juice
A Russian breakfast is usually hot: ка́ша with butter, сы́рники or an омле́т. A бутербро́д is open-faced, with butter and cheese or sausage on top — not two slices with a filling. And the drink is tea far more often than coffee.
Typical mistakes
Я ем за́втрак.
Я за́втракаю.
Russian uses the verb.
блин = pancake, singular
блины́ for a portion
Nobody eats one — and блин alone is also a mild exclamation.
Check yourself
How do you say “I’m having breakfast”?
Russian has a verb for it.