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Time expressions

Every time phrase in Russian is a preposition plus a case — and this page sorts them all onto one page.

Quick answer

The question decides the form: когда́? (when), как до́лго? (how long), на ско́лько? (for how long), за ско́лько? (within what time).

The core table

QuestionFormExample
когда́? — dayв + accusativeв сре́ду, в суббо́ту
когда́? — month / yearв + prepositionalв ма́е, в э́том году́
когда́? — weekна + prepositionalна э́той неде́ле
когда́? — seasonbare instrumentalле́том, зимо́й
как до́лго?bare accusativeдва часа́, всю неде́лю
на ско́лько?на + accusativeна два дня — for two days
за ско́лько?за + accusativeза два дня — within two days
че́рез ско́лько?че́рез + accusativeче́рез час — in an hour

The oddity worth noticing: weeks take на while months take в — на э́той неде́ле but в э́том ме́сяце.

за or на?

Я сде́лал э́то за два дня.I did it in two days. — the work took that long
Я прие́хал на два дня.I came for two days. — that is how long I am staying
Я верну́сь че́рез два дня.I’ll be back in two days. — after that interval

These three catch out almost everyone. За measures how long a completed action took. На states the intended duration of a stay or a loan. Че́рез counts forward from now.

The ones with no preposition at all

Durations and some time words stand bare in the accusative: весь день (all day), ка́ждое у́тро (every morning), всю ночь (all night), два го́да (for two years). Seasons and parts of the day use the bare instrumental: ле́том, у́тром, ве́чером, но́чью, днём.

у́тром, not в у́тро

Parts of the day are instrumental with no preposition — у́тром, днём, ве́чером, но́чью. The only one that looks like an exception is в по́лдень (at noon) and в по́лночь (at midnight).

Typical mistakes

в э́той неде́ле

на э́той неде́ле

Weeks take на.

Я прие́хал за два дня — meaning a two-day stay

Я прие́хал на два дня.

на for intended duration, за for time taken.

Check yourself

Which is correct for “this week”?

Weeks take на.

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