Quick answer
Я за́нят.
ya zányat — за́нят for a man, занята́ for a woman — a short adjective
The options
The short forms
за́нят, занята́, за́нято, за́няты — a short adjective used as a predicate, with the stress jumping to the ending in the feminine. The same pattern runs through свобо́ден / свобо́дна (free), гото́в / гото́ва (ready) and уста́л / уста́ла (tired).
Declining politely
A bare Я за́нят can sound curt. Russians soften it with a reason and an alternative: Извини́, сейча́с не могу́ — дава́й ве́чером?. The alternative matters more than the apology.
What you hear back
Typical mistakes
Я за́нят — said by a woman
Я занята́.
The short adjective agrees with the speaker.
Я занято́й.
Я за́нят.
занято́й means “a busy sort of person” in general.
Check yourself
A woman says “I’m busy”: