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A1How to sayshto éta

How to say “What is this?” in Russian

Two words, no verb, and the fastest way to turn anything in front of you into vocabulary.

Quick answer

Что э́то?

shto éta — the shortest full sentence in Russian — two words, no verb

The options

Что э́то?What is this?
Что э́то тако́е?What on earth is this? — more emphatic
Как э́то называ́ется?What is this called?
Что э́то зна́чит?What does that mean?
Э́то что?And this is…? — pointing at one of several

No verb needed

Russian has no present tense of “to be”, so Что э́то? is complete. The answer works the same way: Э́то кни́га — this is a book. Adding есть would sound archaic.

The three questions that teach you words

Что э́то? for an object, Как э́то называ́ется? when you want the exact noun, and Что э́то зна́чит? for a word you heard. With those three you can learn Russian from a Russian room.

What you hear back

Э́то матрёшка.That’s a matryoshka.
Э́то называ́ется ква́с.That’s called kvass.
Поня́тия не име́ю.No idea.

Typical mistakes

Что есть э́то?

Что э́то?

No present-tense “to be” in Russian.

Как э́то зову́т?

Как э́то называ́ется?

зову́т is only for people and animals.

Check yourself

Which is correct?

Russian drops “is” in the present.

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