Quick answer
Мне пло́хо.
mnye plókha — the dative pattern again — and it is stronger than it looks
The options
Three strengths
Мне пло́хо is the strong one — faint, sick, something serious. Мне нехорошо́ is milder. Я пло́хо себя́ чу́вствую is the neutral, slightly formal version you would use to explain an absence from work.
Naming the part
Use У меня́ боли́т plus the body part as the subject: боли́т голова́, боли́т го́рло, боли́т живо́т, and боля́т но́ги for a plural. The temperature phrase needs no verb at all: У меня́ температу́ра already means you have a fever.
What you hear back
Typical mistakes
Я пло́хо.
Мне пло́хо.
The person feeling it is dative.
У меня́ есть температу́ра.
У меня́ температу́ра.
The есть is dropped and the word alone implies a fever.
Check yourself
Which is correct?