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Prepositions and their cases

Every preposition drags a case behind it. Learn them as pairs and half the case system comes free.

Quick answer

Genitive: у, из, от, до, без, для, по́сле, о́коло. Dative: к, по. Accusative: в, на (movement), за, че́рез. Instrumental: с, за, пе́ред, над, под. Prepositional: в, на, о (location).

Sorted by case

CasePrepositionsExample
genitiveу, из, от, до, без, для, по́сле, о́колоу меня́, из Москвы́, без са́хара
dativeк, пок врачу́, по телефо́ну
accusativeв, на (where to), за, че́резв шко́лу, че́рез час
instrumentalс, за, пе́ред, над, под, ме́ждус ма́мой, под столо́м
prepositionalв, на, о (where, about)в шко́ле, о кни́ге

Three prepositions take two cases each: в, на, за. The case tells you whether there is movement.

The movement pairs

Я иду́ в шко́лу.I am going to school. — accusative
Я в шко́ле.I am at school. — prepositional
Кот сел за стол.The cat sat down behind the table. — accusative, movement
Кот за столо́м.The cat is behind the table. — instrumental, position

Coming back

What you go to with в you come back from with из; what you go to with на you come back from with с: в шко́лу → из шко́лы, на рабо́ту → с рабо́ты.

Learn them in pairs

Never learn a preposition alone. Learn у + genitive, к + dative, с + instrumental as single units, the way you learned у меня́ есть.

Typical mistakes

Я иду́ в шко́ле.

Я иду́ в шко́лу.

Movement takes the accusative.

Я прие́хал из рабо́ты.

Я прие́хал с рабо́ты.

на рабо́ту comes back as с рабо́ты.

Check yourself

Which case does к take?

к always takes the dative: к врачу́, к ма́ме.

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