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Irregular plurals

Twenty nouns that ignore the plural rules — and they happen to be twenty of the most common nouns in the language.

Quick answer

The regular plural is -ы / -и. These nouns use -ья, -а́ or a completely different stem.

The -ья group

SingularPluralGenitive plural
братбра́тьябра́тьев
другдрузья́друзе́й
сынсыновья́сынове́й
мужмужья́муже́й
стулсту́льясту́льев
де́реводере́вьядере́вьев

Mostly family and a couple of objects. Note how друг changes its consonant as well: друзья́.

The stressed -а́ group

SingularPluralMeaning
домдома́houses
го́родгорода́cities
учи́тельучителя́teachers
до́ктордоктора́doctors
по́ездпоезда́trains
глазглаза́eyes

The stress moves to the ending, which is what makes до́ма (at home) and дома́ (houses) a classic stress pair.

The completely different ones

челове́к → лю́диperson → people
ребёнок → де́тиchild → children
мать → ма́териmother → mothers
дочь → до́чериdaughter → daughters
и́мя → имена́name → names
вре́мя → времена́time → times

Plural-only nouns

Some nouns have no singular at all: де́ньги (money), часы́ (watch), но́жницы (scissors), очки́ (glasses), брю́ки (trousers), кани́кулы (holidays). They always take plural agreement: часы́ стоя́т — the watch has stopped.

Typical mistakes

бра́ты

бра́тья

A -ья plural.

челове́ки

лю́ди

A completely different word — but пять челове́к after numbers.

Check yourself

What is the plural of челове́к?

A different word entirely.

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