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A1GrammarМно́жественное число́

Making nouns plural

Three endings cover almost everything — and the exceptions are the words you use every day.

Quick answer

Masculine and feminine take -ы (or -и after г к х ж ш щ ч), neuter takes -а or -я: стол → столы́, кни́га → кни́ги, окно́ → о́кна.

The pattern

SingularPluralNote
столстолы́masculine consonant
кни́гакни́гиafter г → и
ма́мама́мыfeminine -а
окно́о́кнаneuter -о, stress often moves
мо́реморя́neuter -е
слова́рьсловари́ends in -ь

The irregulars you cannot avoid

SingularPluralEnglish
другдрузья́friends
братбра́тьяbrothers
сынсыновья́sons
ребёнокде́тиchildren
челове́клю́диpeople
домдома́houses
го́родгорода́cities
и́мяимена́names

The -а́ plurals (дома́, города́, поезда́) are all masculine and all stressed on the ending — a small group that grows as you read.

Plural-only words

Some things exist only in the plural: де́ньги (money), часы́ (watch, clock), очки́ (glasses), брю́ки (trousers), ша́хматы (chess). Everything around them goes plural too.

A shortcut

If you know the nominative plural, the rest of the plural forms follow one predictable set of endings — the plural is the easiest half of the case system.

Typical mistakes

кни́гы

кни́ги

Never ы after г, к, х, ж, ш, щ, ч.

друзы

друзья́

друг is irregular — learn it as vocabulary.

Check yourself

What is the plural of челове́к?

Irregular: лю́ди. (челове́к survives after numbers: пять челове́к.)

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