Quick answer
Masculine and feminine take -ы (or -и after г к х ж ш щ ч), neuter takes -а or -я: стол → столы́, кни́га → кни́ги, окно́ → о́кна.
The pattern
| Singular | Plural | Note |
|---|---|---|
| стол | столы́ | masculine consonant |
| кни́га | кни́ги | after г → и |
| ма́ма | ма́мы | feminine -а |
| окно́ | о́кна | neuter -о, stress often moves |
| мо́ре | моря́ | neuter -е |
| слова́рь | словари́ | ends in -ь |
The irregulars you cannot avoid
| Singular | Plural | English |
|---|---|---|
| друг | друзья́ | friends |
| брат | бра́тья | brothers |
| сын | сыновья́ | sons |
| ребёнок | де́ти | children |
| челове́к | лю́ди | people |
| дом | дома́ | houses |
| го́род | города́ | cities |
| и́мя | имена́ | names |
The -а́ plurals (дома́, города́, поезда́) are all masculine and all stressed on the ending — a small group that grows as you read.
Plural-only words
Some things exist only in the plural: де́ньги (money), часы́ (watch, clock), очки́ (glasses), брю́ки (trousers), ша́хматы (chess). Everything around them goes plural too.
A shortcut
If you know the nominative plural, the rest of the plural forms follow one predictable set of endings — the plural is the easiest half of the case system.
Typical mistakes
кни́гы
кни́ги
Never ы after г, к, х, ж, ш, щ, ч.
друзы
друзья́
друг is irregular — learn it as vocabulary.
Check yourself
What is the plural of челове́к?