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Numbers in cases

Numbers decline too. You can get a long way without this, and then one preposition stops you.

Quick answer

After a preposition or a case-governing verb, the number itself changes: с двумя́ друзья́ми, о трёх дня́х, по́сле пяти́ часо́в.

The small numbers

Case234
nominativeдва / дветричеты́ре
genitiveдвухтрёхчетырёх
dativeдвумтрёмчетырём
instrumentalдвумя́тремя́четырьмя́
prepositionalо двухо трёхо четырёх

The noun after them goes into the same case as the number, in the plural: с двумя́ друзья́ми, о трёх кни́гах. The “genitive singular after два” rule applies only in the nominative and accusative.

Five and above

From five up, the pattern is the simple feminine-noun one: пять → пяти́, пятью́; шесть → шести́, шестью́. Со́рок, девяно́сто and сто have just two forms: сорока́, девяно́ста, ста.

по́сле пяти́ часо́вafter five o’clock
с пятью́ рубля́миwith five roubles
о ста лю́дяхabout a hundred people

оди́н behaves like an adjective

Оди́н agrees fully: одного́, одному́, одни́м, об одно́м and одна́, одно́й for feminine. It is the only number that works like an ordinary word — and the only one most learners get right without trying.

Where you can dodge it

In speech, Russians often restructure a sentence to avoid declining a long number. В две ты́сячи два́дцать пя́том году́ is unavoidable, but a number like 347 in an oblique case is usually rephrased. If you are unsure, reshape the sentence rather than guess.

Typical mistakes

с два друзья́ми

с двумя́ друзья́ми

The number takes the instrumental too.

о три кни́ги

о трёх кни́гах

Both the number and the noun go prepositional plural.

Check yourself

Я был там с ___ друзья́ми. — with two friends

Instrumental: двумя́.

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