Quick answer
Both are на places: на по́чте, but в ба́нке. The queue is о́чередь, and it is feminine.
At the bank
At the post office
Getting served
At the counter
Кто после́дний?
Russian queues are often invisible: people sit down and remember their order. Ask Кто после́дний? to claim your place, then keep an eye on that person.
Typical mistakes
в по́чте
на по́чте
The post office belongs to the на group.
мой о́чередь
моя́ о́чередь
о́чередь ends in -ь and is feminine.
Check yourself
How do you say “at the post office”?