Quick answer
дом is a house or a block of flats, кварти́ра is the flat inside it. Where something is takes в + prepositional: в ко́мнате.
Rooms
Furniture and things
In the building
In use
подъе́зд has no English word
A Russian block of flats is divided into подъе́зды — separate stairwells, each with its own door code. Addresses are given as “подъе́зд 3, flat 47”, so it is worth knowing before your first visit.
Typical mistakes
Я живу́ в дом.
Я живу́ в до́ме.
Where you live is the prepositional case.
Э́то мой кварти́ра.
Э́то моя́ кварти́ра.
кварти́ра ends in -а and is feminine.
Check yourself
Я живу́ в ___. — I live in a flat.