Quick answer
Fruit is фру́кты, vegetables are о́вощи. At the market you order by weight: килогра́мм or полкило́.
Fruit
Vegetables
At the market
At the stall
Mushrooms are serious
Picking грибы́ in autumn is a national pastime, and Russians will ask whether you know which ones are edible. The honest answer is usually no.
Typical mistakes
килогра́мм я́блоки
килогра́мм я́блок
A quantity takes the genitive plural.
мой морко́вь
моя́ морко́вь
морко́вь ends in -ь and is feminine.
Check yourself
How do you ask for a kilo of apples?